BROOKES GASIFICATION PROCESS
The Technology &
Applications
· The Brookes
Gasification Process is a full cycle solution that completes
the treatment of waste material (poultry, manure, hospital,
sludge, etc.) by leaving a 3% - 7% residual ash.
· The residual ash is 100% contamination free as
proven by over 1,000 tests in Scotland showing no amino
acid.
· Ash can be recycled as a manufacturing ingredient
for fire retardent product a filler for cement or a feed
product depending on the waste source.
· The waste is gasified or vaporized through high
heat at 1562 to 2552 Fahrenheit degrees in the primary chamber
& 1800F in secondary chamber. Gases from the primary
chamber are cycled into the after burner chamber as a fuel
ensuring air emissions meet U.S.E.P.A. and E.U. standards.
Advantages of Brookes Gasification Technology
- handles a variety of biohazardous
waste; pathological, medical waste; pharmaceutical, sewage
treatment sludgecake. Animal Manures, municipal waste.
- reduction of waste by 93% - 97% by volume
- machines are safe and very easy to operate
- has few moving parts, thus reliable and cost effective
with minimum maintenance costs.
- has a design that makes the machine very fuel efficient
- is a modular system and New Design that allows for greater
volume "through put "
- are custom designed to meet specific needs of the users
and the type of waste being processed
- is capable of co generating hot water, steam or electricity
on a continuous basis
BACK TO TOP
1. The waste batch is loaded into the
primary chamber. It remains there until the gasification
process is complete. No direct flame or forced air is introduced
at any time. Heat is transferred into the waste mass through
the hearth which acts as the ceiling of the secondary afterburning
chamber.
2. The waste mass is evaporated by intense
heat and the fumes or off gases are directed to the mixing
zone. This gaseous mixture is highly combustible. The fumes
travel through the mixing zone where secondary air is added.
A burner system provides the initial energy.
3. The Brookes system uses a triggering
method to cause the oxidization to occur suddenly. The cracking
zone is a cornering structure that changes the gas velocity
and creates conditions for flame front formation. It is
this design feature that gives the very high resolution
or efficacy of oxidization that is needed to allow it to
meet the emission standards required today.
An energy loop is formed whereby the energy
generated in the afterburning chamber is fed back into the
waste mass to help continue the volatizing process.
The Brookes Technology is a safe and
effective alternative to problems facing people everywhere,
such as dumping tons of partially treated medical waste
into landfill sites, spreading dangerous water treatment
sewage sludge cake, including landfill leachate, onto farmers'
fields, and burying diseased animal carcasses in the ground
and potentially poisoning groundwater.
The Brookes System, which was initially
designed as a cremator, evolved into an efficient system
for the safe disposal of biohazard waste and has now been
modified to dispose of bovine carcasses under the UK government
scheme to eradicate BSE in cattle. Through ongoing design
initiatives, the Brookes system can safely dispose of Special
Risk Material generated by abattoirs as well as meat and
bone meal by-product from rendering plants.
Independent analysis of the residual ash
has confirmed that no amino acids remain after the process
is complete.
BACK TO TOP
BATCH LOADING OR CONTINUOUS FEED IN DUAL CHAMBER
The Brookes solid waste gasification modules
are based upon batch load systems. There are several advanitages
to batch load operations with this technology. Primarly
there is absolute control of the burning cycles; which helps
prevent runaway or uncontrolled burning problems.
Volatilisation of the waste mass followed by oxidation of
the gaseous fume is a chemical and thermo-fluids balancing
act that does not lend itself to intermittent disruptions.
The Brookes system keeps the process stable throughout the
burn. Batch systems have the added advantage of costing
less to operate, both from a maintenance and from a labour
standpoint. This, combined with the lower capital cost to
purchase the equipment, makes for a very cost effective
arrangement.
MAJOR BENEFITS OF THE GASIFICATiON
TECHNOLOGY
BACK TO TOP
o Low capital cost
o Low operational costs with simplicity of operation
o Low maintenance costs
o 100% destruction of organics and micro-organisms
o Dramatic reduction in weight and volume of material to
be landfilled. Residual is about 5%-7% by weight; 2%-3%
by volume.
o The system is a very environmentally sound method for
eliminating the hazards associated with potentially infectious
wastes. The stack emissions are minimal and the ash residual
is essentially harmless.
o Meets or exceeds all standards for air emissions.
o Guarantees 100% kill of all microbes.
PRIMARY CHAMBER DRAFT AIR - Technical
Overview
BACK TO TOP
One of the key features that controls
the stability of this system is the introduction of Primary
Chamber Air by draft only. Because the waste mass is destroyed
purely by indirect heat through the hearth and walls of
the chamber, Primary Chamber Burners are not required and
very limited air is Supplied through small, adjustable draft
ports. The Primary Chamber operates under starved air conditions
so the presence of highly volatile material in the waste
mass, such as ether, will expand rapidly and start to pressurize
the Primary Chamber but since air is by draft only, the
inflow of air will come to a stop as the pressure gradient
becomes zero. This self-stabilizing mechanism prevents uncontrolled
burning problems over a much wider range of heterogeneous
waste configurations than normally seen with other equipment.
HOT HEARTH
The 'very hot hearth' design of this system
which is essentially a product.of its special geometry,
gives the unit the ability to reduce the waste mass to the
maximum achievable condition. The residue is shown to be
harmless by T.C.L.P. testing, and is a predominantly white
ash.
Because no direct flame or forced air
is required to cause the waste to "bum" or volatilise,
the system generates negligible amounts of fly ash or particulate.
Dust collecting equipment is unnecessary.
The hearth reaches the point where it
is a bright incandescent red. The ash is exposed to this
for several hours. This eliminates any possibility of organic
materials surviving and also purges most of the carbon,
resulting in a harmless mineral residue.
The Brookes System employs a special "common
alr construction that allows the after-burning heat to do
work in the Primary Chamber "for free". This makes
the unit very fuel efficient considering the excellent results
attainable.
HIGH RESOLUTION AFTERBURNING
Main Structure
The steel shell is constructed of 10 ga.
304 stainless steel plate and it is supported by an external
frame fabricated from mild steel rectangular tubing.
The shell is lined with high temperature
refractory capable of minimum operating temperatures of
2552 F.
The stack sections are made from 10 ga.
mild steel plate rolled to shape and lined with castable
refractory.
General Information
The Primary Chamber will vary in volume,
depending on the waste to be disposed.
Loading Door
The loading door is front mounted and
may be designed for manual operation and vertical lifting
(on counterweights) for large, bulk material.
When loading offal, meat and bone meal
(MBM) or other homogeneous materials, loading is carried
out by pumping the material into the gasifier through
roof mounted sealed openings.
This loading method eliminates any
air entering the system during loading and allows for a
more effective burning cycle.
Afterburner System and Secondary
Air Fans
The afterburners are
low pressure, packaged gas burners capable of a maximum
firing rate of 1.25 million btu/hr each. The burners
have a high ratio of modulation (modulation gas only)
and are very stable for the full range. ( oil or propane
can also be used )
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The secondary air is provided by low pressure
fans. The complete burner, fan and control package operates
on 220/240 volts at less than 20 amps.
Control Package
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